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Research (NSDA): Wealth Tax – 21 Century Debate Institution
21st Century Debate Research (Fall 2024):

Lincoln Douglas Topic

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The wealthiest 1% owns over 45% of the world’s total wealth, while the bottom 50% of the population holds less than 1% of the world's wealth.

[NOV-DEC 2024 (NSDA)]
Lincoln Douglas Topic

Resolved: The United States ought to adopt a wealth tax.

BACKGROUND

The debate over whether the United States should adopt a wealth tax has gained prominence in recent years as a potential solution to address rising wealth inequality and generate additional government revenue. As reported by the Peter G. Peterson Foundation, a wealth tax would impose a levy on the total value of an individual’s assets, including cash, investments, real estate, and other holdings, typically above a certain high threshold. This approach differs from the current U.S. tax system, which primarily relies on income, payroll, and consumption taxes at the federal level, with property taxes serving as the main form of wealth taxation at the state and local levels.

Adopting a Wealth Tax (PRO)

  1. Revenue generation: A wealth tax could raise substantial funds for government programs and deficit reduction. Economists Emmanuel Saez and Gabriel Zucman estimate that a 2% tax on wealth above $50 million could generate about $187 billion annually.
  2. Reduced wealth inequality: By directly targeting concentrated wealth, a wealth tax could help narrow the widening wealth gap in America. The top 1% currently owns over 30% of the nation’s wealth.
  3. Improved tax progressivity: A wealth tax would ensure that the ultra-wealthy pay a fairer share of taxes relative to their economic power, as they often pay lower effective tax rates than middle-class Americans due to preferential treatment of capital gains.
  4. Addressing unrealized gains: Unlike income taxes, a wealth tax would capture the value of unrealized capital gains, which make up a significant portion of billionaires’ wealth accumulation.
  5. Economic stimulus: Revenue from a wealth tax could fund programs that invest in education, infrastructure, and healthcare, potentially boosting economic growth and benefiting lower-income Americans.
  6. Increased economic mobility: By redistributing some concentrated wealth, a wealth tax could help level the playing field and provide more opportunities for economic advancement across society.
  7. Reduced political influence of the ultra-wealthy: Limiting extreme wealth concentration could help curb the outsized political influence of billionaires and large corporations.
  8. Encouraging productive use of capital: A wealth tax might incentivize the wealthy to invest in productive enterprises rather than letting assets sit idle, potentially stimulating economic activity.
  9. Simplification of the tax code: A straightforward wealth tax could potentially replace or simplify other complex tax provisions aimed at the wealthy, such as the estate tax.
  10. Historical precedent: The United States has a history of wealth taxation through property taxes and previously broader general property taxes, suggesting that such a system could be implemented effectively.

Adopting a Wealth Tax (CON)

  1. Administrative challenges: Accurately valuing complex assets like private businesses, art, and intellectual property would be extremely difficult and costly for both taxpayers and the IRS. This could lead to disputes, litigation, and high compliance costs.
  2. Capital flight: Wealthy individuals may relocate to other countries to avoid the tax, potentially reducing the U.S. tax base and harming economic growth. France saw over 42,000 millionaires leave before eliminating its wealth tax in 2018.
  3. Double taxation: A wealth tax would effectively tax income that has already been subject to income tax, creating a form of double taxation that many consider unfair.
  4. Economic distortions: The tax could discourage savings and investment, potentially reducing capital formation and long-term economic growth. A Tax Foundation analysis estimated that a wealth tax could reduce GDP by 6.1% over 10 years.
  5. Job losses: Reduced economic activity resulting from a wealth tax could lead to significant job losses. One analysis estimated a potential loss of 1.12 million jobs over a 10-year period.
  6. Liquidity issues: Wealthy individuals with illiquid assets may struggle to pay the annual tax without selling assets, potentially forcing the sale of businesses or other productive investments.
  7. Encouragement of tax avoidance: The wealthy may employ complex strategies to avoid the tax, such as moving assets into trusts, foundations, or other hard-to-value structures.
  8. Constitutional challenges: There are ongoing debates about whether a federal wealth tax would be constitutional, potentially leading to legal battles and uncertainty.
  9. Reduced charitable giving: A wealth tax might incentivize increased consumption rather than saving, potentially reducing charitable donations from wealthy individuals.
  10. Unintended consequences: The tax could have unforeseen effects on financial markets, business structures, and investment patterns. For example, it might discourage companies from going public or encourage taking public companies private to avoid easier valuation.

REQUIRED RESEARCH (VIDEOS & ARTICLES)

We ask that you watch all of the videos and read all of the articles and take light notes about the topic that you are researching. When everyone in class has watched/read the materials, it makes the learning better. We encourage students to do their own research in addition to the research provided (assuming you have time).

Required Research (Videos):

Why We Need a Wealth Tax,
Robert Reich, Top Expert in Economics, May 13, 2019 [4 min]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mcZVleu_L1E

Why Elizabeth Warren’s Wealth Tax Won’t Work,
Reason Magazine, July 19, 2019 [5 min]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_2jav1P3j9g

New report says taxing extreme wealth has positive results,
DW News, August 19, 2024 [6 min]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rSZ0mifGuiw

Kamala’s New WEALTH Tax,
Freedom Toons, September 5, 2024 [2 min]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X6Xe3SGUH6A

Required Research (Articles):

Definition: Wealth Tax,
taxfoundation.org, Last Accessed: October 2024
https://taxfoundation.org/taxedu/glossary/wealth-tax/

America’s rich never sell their assets How should they be taxed,
Economist, June 20, 2024 [PDF]
https://www.economist.com/finance-and-economics/2024/06/20/americas-rich-never-sell-their-assets-how-should-they-be-taxed

What is a Wealth Tax, and Should the United States Have One?
Peterson Foundation, October 13, 2023 [PDF]
https://www.pgpf.org/blog/2023/10/what-is-a-wealth-tax-and-should-the-united-states-have-one

The United States Should Adopt a Wealth Tax,
Perplexity.ai, October 18, 2024
https://www.perplexity.ai/page/the-united-states-ought-to-ado-anjL.WD3T2ulbpnjMXTrKg
Note: Technically you can cite this article, but it would be similar to quoting from Wikipedia (people will not be impressed by the source).

 

OPTIONAL RESEARCH (VIDEOS & ARTICLES)

[VIDEO] ‘Why we need a wealth tax’,
Financial Times, September 5, 2022 [20 min]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kHeYDHIeIBY
Note: This video covers a lot of the topic and the Financial Times is a prestigious source.

America’s 1% Got Way Richer During the Pandemic.
We Need a Onetime Wealth Tax to Help Rebuild the Country,

TIME Magazine, April 30, 2021 [PDF]
https://time.com/5974430/wealth-tax-covid-19/

Contact Information

Bill Eddy,
Email: BillEddy@21stCenturyDebate.org
Phone: 714.655.8135 (I prefer text)

Note: When contacting me, please include your name and class information (day/time). Thanks

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